Table of Contents
Introduction
Rivets are crucial in many industries, including construction, automotive, aerospace, and fashion, because they are durable, cost-effective, and easy to install. They have an advantage over other fastening methods like welding or adhesives. Rivets provide solid and reliable connections while maintaining the structural integrity of the joined materials.
In addition, rivets can accommodate different material thicknesses, making them highly versatile for a wide range of applications, from fastening thin metal sheets to joining thicker, more robust materials.
Solid Rivet, Blind Rivet, Tubular Rivet, Piercing Rivet
Solid Rivet
Solid Rivet
The most common and oldest type of rivets is known as solid or shank rivets. They have a solid cylindrical shaft with a head at one end. The other end, the tail, is deformed using a hammer or rivet gun to create a second head, forming a robust and permanent joint. Solid rivets frequently appear in aircraft construction, heavy machinery, and other applications requiring high-strength joints.
Countersunk Rivet
Countersunk rivets, a subtype of solid rivets, have a conical head that fits flush with the material’s surface, providing a smooth and aerodynamic finish. This rivet type commonly appears when external metal surfaces require a seamless appearance, such as in automotive and aerospace applications.
Tubular Rivet
Tubular Rivet
During the fastening process, tubular rivets (also known as hollow rivets) have their shank deformed as they are open. They are generally used to join softer materials or to create pivot points. Tubular rivets require a partial hole or a chamfered poke for installation, and their hollow shank allows a mandrel to flare the fastener, providing a secure connection.
Semi Tubular Rivet
Semi-tubular rivets have a partially hollow shank similar to tubular rivets in their installation process. They require less force to install than solid rivets, making them suitable for a broader range of applications, including those involving soft materials or thin metal sheets.
Blind Riveting
Pop Rivet
Blind rivets, or pop rivets, are made specifically for situations where it’s difficult to access the opposite side of the material. They consist of a hollow rivet body with a threaded internal mandrel. When installed using a rivet gun, the mandrel is pulled through the rivet body, causing it to expand and form a tight joint. Due to their versatility, pop rivets find application in various applications, such as sheet metal work and automotive repairs.
Friction Lock Rivet
In friction lock rivets, the mandrel is locked in place after installation using a collet mechanism, also known as cherry friction lock rivets. This design provides a more consistent and secure joint than standard pop rivets.
Break Stem Rivet
A break stem rivet, another type of blind rivet, is designed with a pre-weakened section on the mandrel. When the rivet reaches this point, the mandrel breaks, leaving a clean, flush finish. Break stem rivets offer higher shear and tensile strength than standard pop rivets.
Specialty Riveting
Bifurcated Rivet
Bifurcated rivets, also known as split rivets, have a split shank that resembles a fork. They are typically used to join soft materials, such as leather or fabric, and are easy to install using a hammer or a specialized crimping tool.
Self-Piercing Rivet
Self-piercing rivets can pierce through soft materials without requiring a pre-drilled hole because they have a sharp, pointed end. The name reflects this feature. They are ideal for fastening materials like plastics and thin metals, offering a quick and efficient installation.
Solid Rivets vs. Blind Rivets
Differences in Construction and Usage
Solid rivets and blind rivets differ significantly in construction and usage. Solid rivets are made from a solid cylindrical shaft and require access to both sides of the material for an installation. They hammer or compress to form permanent, high-strength rivet joints. Solid rivets often appear in applications requiring robust connections, such as aircraft construction and heavy machinery.
In contrast, blind rivets, which include pop rivets, friction lock rivets, and break stem rivets, have a hollow rivet body with a threaded internal mandrel. They provide a solution for situations where access to the backside of the material is limited or impossible.
With a rivet gun, the mandrel is pulled through the rivet body to install the rivet. This causes the rivet to expand and form a strong joint. Blind rivets are versatile and valuable in various applications, including sheet metal work, automotive repairs, and situations where solid rivets are impractical.
The Most Common Rivet
Solid rivets and blind rivets are the most widely used in various industries. Both options have been utilized for many years and are recognized for their remarkable strength and durability, making them a dependable choice for numerous applications despite their unique advantages.
However, with the increasing demand for more versatile and accessible fastening solutions, blind rivets, particularly pop rivets, have recently gained popularity. The rivet type will be chosen according to the specific requirements and constraints of the application.
Various Types of Pop Rivets
There is often confusion between “pop rivets” and “blind rivets” when referring to the same type of rivets. Pop rivets, however, are a specific type of blind rivet. While all pop rivets are blind rivets, not all blind rivets are pop rivets. Pop rivets differ from others by their hollow rivet body and threaded inserts.
They install using a rivet gun that pulls the mandrel through the rivet body, causing the rivet to expand and form a tight joint. Other blind rivets, such as friction lock rivets and break stem rivets, may have different locking mechanisms or additional features that differentiate them from standard pop rivets.
Pop Rivet Types and Their Strengths
Different applications require different pop rivets, as various strengths and characteristics come with each type.
- Standard Pop Rivets: The pop rivets, referred to as “blind rivets,” have a straightforward design that consists of a hollow rivet body and a threaded mandrel. They have moderate strength and are suitable for various general-purpose applications.
- Closed-End Pop Rivets: Unlike standard pop rivets, closed-end ones have a sealed end, providing a watertight seal when installed. This feature makes them ideal for applications where moisture resistance is crucial.
- Structural Pop Rivets: Structural pop rivets are designed to provide higher shear and tensile strength than standard pop rivets. They often feature a locking mechanism that securely retains the mandrel within the rivet body, ensuring a long-lasting connection.
- Multi-Grip Pop Rivets: These rivets can accommodate a wide range of material thicknesses, making them highly versatile. Multi-grip pop rivets are ideal for applications where material thickness may vary or when the exact thickness is unknown.
- Aluminum, Stainless Steel, and Copper Pop Rivets: Pop rivets are available from various materials, each with different strengths and corrosion resistance properties. Due to their lightweight and corrosion-resistant nature, aluminum rivets are an excellent choice for multiple applications. If higher strength and exceptional corrosion resistance are needed, stainless steel rivets would be a better option. Copper rivets are a good choice for their excellent electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion.
The choice of the appropriate pop rivet type depends on factors such as material thickness, required strength, and environmental conditions of the application.
Different Rivet Materials
Different materials, including aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, can be used to make rivets.
Aluminum Rivets
If you need to work with aluminum or other non-ferrous materials, aluminum rivets are a great choice due to their lightweight, corrosion-resistant properties and simple installation process. They also minimize the risk of galvanic corrosion. In addition, aluminum rivets are ideal for projects requiring light connections, such as in the aerospace and automotive industries.
Copper Rivets
Because of their superb electrical conductivity and resistance, copper rivets are great for electrical connection situations or when corrosion is a worry. They are often found in plumbing jobs and electronic or electrical devices. Copper rivets are also popular in leatherwork and other crafts, where their distinct color and appearance add aesthetic appeal.
Stainless Steel Rivets
If you’re looking for a sturdy and long-lasting option for demanding jobs and challenging settings, stainless steel rivets are an excellent choice. Due to their impressive strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion, they are commonly used in industrial, construction and marine environments where exposure to harsh chemicals or conditions is likely. Additionally, these rivets can be used with various materials, including other stainless steel components, to prevent galvanic corrosion.
Brass Rivets
Brass rivets are a versatile option that combines strength, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal. They are often used in decorative applications or where a low level of electrical conductivity is required. Brass rivets are also popular in the manufacture of musical instruments, where their unique acoustic properties contribute to the overall sound quality. Furthermore, brass rivets appear in applications with advantageous antimicrobial properties, such as in public spaces or healthcare facilities.
Rivet Design and Selection
Rivet Head Types
Rivets’ heads come in various shapes and sizes, each designed for specific applications or aesthetics. Some common rivet head types include:
- Pan Head Rivet: This type of rivet has a slightly rounded head that protrudes above the material’s surface. It is commonly used for general-purpose applications where aesthetics are not a primary concern.
- Flat Head Rivet: Flat head rivets have a flat top surface, providing a clean and low-profile appearance. They often appear in applications with a desired flush or smooth surface.
- Countersunk Rivet: As mentioned earlier, countersunk rivets have a conical head that fits flush with the material’s surface, providing a smooth and aerodynamic finish. They often appear in automotive and aerospace applications.
- Round Head Rivet: Round head rivets have a fully rounded, dome-shaped head, offering increased head height for added strength. High-shear strength is typically required for heavy-duty applications where they often appear.
Rivet Shank Diameter
When selecting a rivet, it is crucial to consider the diameter of its shank as it affects the rivet’s strength and efficiency in joining materials. A suitable shank diameter is necessary based on the joint’s thickness, type, and strength.
Generally, a larger shank diameter provides a stronger joint, but it may also need more force to install and may not be suitable for thinner materials.
Rules for Rivets and Formulas
Choosing the correct rivet for a specific application requires following particular rules and formulas to ensure a strong and secure connection.
- Rivet Spacing: To prevent stress concentrations and material deformation, ensure the distance between rivets (also called the rivet pitch) is enough. A general rule of thumb is to space rivets at least three to four times the rivet diameter apart.
- Rivet Length: The rivet length should be long enough to provide a secure connection but not excessively long, as it can lead to material deformation or difficulties during the installation. A standard guideline is to choose a rivet length approximately equal to the combined thickness of the joined materials plus 1.5 times the rivet diameter.
- Edge Distance: To avoid tearing or cracking of the material caused by stress concentration at the edge, ensure that the distance between the center of the rivet and the edge of the material is no less than twice the diameter of the rivet.
Considering these rules and formulas, you can select your application’s appropriate rivet design and size, ensuring a strong, secure, and long-lasting joint.
How to Identify Different Types of Rivets
By analyzing physical characteristics like the type of head, the diameter of the shank, and materials, it is possible to distinguish between various rivets. Here are some tips to help you differentiate between multiple rivet types:
- Solid Rivets: These rivets have a smooth cylindrical shaft and a formed head. The tail, or the unformed end of the rivet, is rounded and requires a hammer or rivet gun to create a shop head during installation.
- Tubular and Semi-Tubular Rivets: Tubular rivets are entirely hollow, whereas semi-tubular rivets have a shank that is only partially hollow. It is possible to distinguish both types by examining the shank cross-section. The head types can vary, but these rivets typically require a crimping tool for installation.
- Blind Rivets (including Pop Rivets): Blind rivets have a hollow shank with a pre-formed head and a threaded mandrel that extends through the shank. Pop rivets, a type of blind rivet, can be identified by a breakaway mandrel removed during installation.
- Specialty Rivets: Bifurcated and self-piercing rivets are examples of specialty rivets. Bifurcated rivets are rivets that have a split shank. On the other hand, self-piercing rivets have a pointed tip designed to pierce through materials without requiring punched or drilled hole.
Rivets in everyday objects
Rivets are commonly used in everyday items because they are strong, enduring, and easy to install. Everyday objects such as those found in the following list may use rivets:
- Clothing and Accessories: Jeans, belts, and shoes often have rivets as decorative elements or to reinforce high-stress areas.
- Luggage and Bags: Rivets are commonly used to reinforce handles, straps, and seams in luggage, backpacks, and handbags.
- Kitchen Utensils: Riveted handles are often found on kitchen utensils like pots and pans. They provide additional strength and durability.
- Furniture: Rivets assemble metal or wooden furniture to create solid and secure connections between components.
- Vehicles and Bicycles: Rivets are found in various parts of cars, motorcycles, and bicycles, such as body panels, frames, and brake systems, providing secure and long-lasting connections.
By learning how to identify different types of rivets and understanding their common uses, you can appreciate the critical role these small yet vital mechanical fastener play in our everyday lives.
Conclusion
Rivet Selection Importance
Choosing the proper rivet for a specific application ensures a strong and long-lasting connection. This involves considering material compatibility, rivet type, size, and installation method. By doing so, you can enhance the performance and durability of the end product.
Additionally, understanding the rules and formulas for rivet spacing, length, and edge distance can further improve the quality and longevity of the joint. In summary, the importance of choosing the proper rivet for each application cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the overall success and functionality of the project.
Rivets' Versatility
Rivets have proven to be incredibly versatile mechanical fasteners, with applications spanning numerous industries and sectors. From clothing and accessories to aircraft construction and transportation, rivets offer a reliable and efficient method of joining materials and creating strong, lasting connections.
Rivets are available in diverse types, materials, and designs, making them useful in numerous engineering, construction, and manufacturing applications. Due to their versatility, rivets are a valuable resource and essential in many everyday objects and structures.
FAQS
Flush rivets, also known as countersunk rivets, are designed with a flat head that sits flush with the surface of the material they are fastening. This feature provides a smooth, streamlined appearance and reduces air resistance, making them ideal for applications in the aerospace industry and other situations where minimizing drag is crucial.
Compression tubular rivets feature a hollow, tubular body that is compressed during installation, causing the tubular portion to expand outward and create a secure joint. These rivets are often used in softer materials, such as wood or plastic, and provide a robust and lasting connection without splitting or damaging the fabric.
Yes, drive rivets can fasten wood panels as they are easily installed with a hammer and do not require a rivet gun. They provide a robust and secure connection that is resistant to loosening over time.
A self-pierce rivet is a specialty rivet that installs without needing pre-drilled holes. The rivet’s design allows it to pierce through the joined materials, creating a secure connection. Self-pierce rivets are commonly used in automotive and metal sheet applications, as they reduce labor and production time.
Threaded rivets, also known as threaded inserts or rivet nuts, feature internal threads that allow for the attachment of a threaded fastener, such as a screw or bolt. Unlike solid rivets, threaded rivets provide a removable and reusable connection, making them ideal for disassembly or maintenance applications.
A slotted rivet is a type of specialty rivet that features a head with one or more slots. The rivet’s shank is spread apart during installation, creating a secure joint between the materials. An application that requires a tight, secure connection that is removable or adjusted easily uses slotted rivets.
Hammer drive rivets can be installed by placing the rivet in a pre-drilled hole, aligning the materials joining, and striking the rivet’s head with a hammer. The force of the hammer drives the rivet into the hole, compressing the shank and creating a secure connection. This method is helpful for small-scale projects or applications where a rivet gun is unavailable.
